![]() Their use has several disadvantages like low cost-benefit ratio, poor- availability mode of action is selective against pathogens, development of resistance against pest and resurgence of controlled pests, they are health hazards, toxic to plants, animals and natural enemies and pollute the environment etc. However, it is not possible to achieve the desired level of crop production by using chemical pesticides. Chemical pesticide application has gone up from 2.2g/ha in 1950 to the current level of 650g/ha, which show a 300 fold increase. Presently, practiced plant protection measures mainly orient towards chemical control and as a result there is a steady increase in pesticide usage in Indian agriculture. The annual losses caused by the pests, diseases, and weeds were estimated at more than Rs. A range of disease management options are available depending on circumstances they include chemical, biological and genetic control. A large part of crop management is devoted to reducing their impact. Some of the most significant barriers to efficient crop production are represented by pests, diseases, and weeds. Indian agriculture is facing challenges in increasing the productivity from its limited resources to meet the needs of growing human population. ![]()
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